![]() Thirty-four of the 40 newly identified PFAS classes derive from electrochemical fluorination (ECF) processes, most of which have the same base structure. All 57 classes received an acronym and IUPAC-like name derived from collective author knowledge. Forty classes of novel anionic, zwitterionic, and cationic PFASs were discovered, and an additional 17 previously reported classes were observed for the first time in AFFF and/or AFFF-impacted groundwater. Suspect screening compared masses with those of previously reported PFASs. Nontarget analysis utilized Kendrick mass defect plots and a “nontarget” R script. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for compound discovery. military bases was conducted to identify the remaining PFASs. In an attempt to close the mass balance, a systematic evaluation of 3M and fluorotelomer-based AFFFs, commercial products, and AFFF-impacted groundwaters from 15 U.S. ![]() ![]() ![]() Recent data on AFFF-impacted groundwater indicates that ∼25% of the PFASs remain unidentified. Repeated historical applications of AFFF at military sites were a result of fire-fighter training exercises and equipment testing. Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs), containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), are released into the environment during response to fire-related emergencies. ![]()
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